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Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities of ninth ordered Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udom Sak remedy |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Title | Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities of ninth ordered Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udom Sak remedy |
| Creator | Usa Pimpa |
| Contributor | Pannawat Chaiyawatthanananthn, Advisor |
| Publisher | Thammasat University |
| Publication Year | 2568 |
| Keyword | 9th ordered Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udom Sak remedy, Total phenolic, Total flavonoids, Anti-oxidant activity, Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-glycation |
| Abstract | Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, characterized by hyperglycemia. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase are digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates into glucose, so inhibiting them can reduce the glycemic index after a meal. One of the most important mechanisms explaining the link between hyperglycemia and vascular complications in diabetes is the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are non-enzymatic glycosylation products of proteins and lipids. Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia trigger this process. However, inhibiting the enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion is one of the main ways to reduce these problems. For example, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase are enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates into glucose. In traditional Thai medicine, the 9th ordered Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udom Sak remedy is a medicinal formula used to treat diabetes. It consisted of 4 herbs, Piper nigrum L., Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl, Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and Rhinacanthus nasutus (Linn.) Kurz. All herbs were extracted together at the ratio of 1:1:1:1 with 95% ethanol (E) and water (W) layers. Then, the extracts both single herb extracts and mixed herb extracts (RMD), were studied for their antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity was examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) free radical scavenging test and ferric reduced antioxidant activity (FRAP). Antidiabetic activity was examined by alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory test. The anti-glycation activity was also measured by measuring the inhibition of AGEs production using a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-ribose model. Phytochemical bases were also analyzed by testing for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results showed that the TPC of RMDE and RMDW were 80.30±1.87 and 76.50±2.31 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. In addition, RMDE and RMDW also contained flavonoids, with TFC of 430.20±4.28 and 185.59±1.71 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The free radical inhibition results using the DPPH method showed that RMDE had an IC50 value of 31.36±1.03 μg/mL, while RMDW had no inhibitory activity (IC50>100 μg/mL). The ABTS•+ method revealed that RMDW had an IC50 value of 40.16±0.09 μg /mL while RMDE had no inhibitory activity (IC50>100 μg/mL). And the FRAP test found that RMDE and RMDW when compared with the standard Trolox were equal to 76.63 ± 2.92 and 103.37 ± 1.07 mg Trolox/g extract, respectively. And when compared with the standard Ferrous sulfate (Fe2+), the values were equal to 165.94 ± 3.78 and 224.11 ± 2.22 mg Fe2+/g extract, respectively. The enzyme inhibition results showed that RMDE and RMDW had inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase enzyme (IC50 = 23.01 ± 0.33 and 36.35 ± 2.10 μg/mL), while the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity test found that RMDW had no inhibitory activity (IC50>500 μg/ml), but the inhibitory activity was found in RMDE (IC50 = 474.11±2.30 μg/ml). For the anti-glycation activity, RMDE and RMDW at the concentration of 500 μg/ml had the best inhibitory activity on the 2nd day with the values of 41.06±0.91 and 33.52±0.54, respectively. Compared with the standard substance, 25 mM aminoguanidine (37.65±1.06) had a lower activity than RMDE. However, at the same time, the ethanol extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (Linn.) Kurz. (RNE) had the value of 58.27±0.67, which had the best anti-glycation activity. From the test, it can be concluded that both RMDW have antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities by inhibiting both types of anti-glycation enzymes, which may be due to the extract of the 9th ordered Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udom Sak remedy containing phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Therefore, there should be further studies on the side effects and safety of herbal medicines to provide scientific confirmation. |
