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Item Generation and Content Validation of the Hajj Crowd Behavior (HBC) Scale |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | 1. Zarina Mat Saad 2. Jasni Sulong 3. Zulkarnain Ahmad Hatta 4. Intan Hashimah Mohd Hashim 5. Noraida Abdul Ghani |
| Title | Item Generation and Content Validation of the Hajj Crowd Behavior (HBC) Scale |
| Publisher | Behavioral Science Research Institute, SWU. |
| Publication Year | 2560 |
| Journal Title | International Journal of Behavioral Science |
| Journal Vol. | 12 |
| Journal No. | 2 |
| Page no. | 19-30 |
| Keyword | Hajj crowd, conceptualization, scale development, item generation,content validity |
| ISSN | 1906-4675 |
| Abstract | Our main objective is the development and initial validation of a new scale tomeasure crowd behavior of individuals who performed Hajj, i.e., a holy, religiouspilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims take during the Islamic month of Dzul-Hijjah. Ascale that measures this construct is important because an understanding of thenature, domains, and roles of crowd behavior could facilitate the effectivemanagement and safety of Hajj pilgrims or hujjaj. Using the logical or rationalapproach, the scale development process was conducted in three phases. First, theconstruct of Hajj crowd behavior was identified and conceptualized via a literaturereview (Phase I). Next, an initial pool of 93 items covering three domains of crowdbehavior (i.e., behavioral, affective, and cognitive) was generated from a series ofsemi-structured interviews with 23 hujjaj (Phase II). The content validity of theseitems was then ascertained by the agreement of subject matter experts (n = 15), whoindicated whether an item is essential in measuring a particular domain of the Hajjcrowd behavior construct. This expert review revealed that the majority of itemswere essential, relevant, and clear (i.e., Content Validity Ratio: CVR > .49), whichresulted in 52 items in the final item pool. This revised scale is now suitable to beused in the test try-out phase and has the potential to inform strategies and design ofcrowd management. Further work is needed to assess its reliability and validity aswell as to reduce the number of the items. |
